John Paul Sartre Essays - Philosophy Of Life, Modernism,

John Paul Sartre John Paul Sartre is known as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. He wrote many philosophical works novels and plays. Much of his work is tied into politics. The essay Existentialism is a Humanism is just one of his many works. Existentialism is a Humanism is a political essay that was written in 1945. Its purpose was to address a small public during World War II in Nazi occupied France. This essay stressed the public not to conform. Sartre introduced a great number of philosophical concepts in Existentialism. Two of these concepts are anguish and forlornness. They are simply defined, as anguish is feeling responsible for yourself as well as others and knowing that your actions affect others and forlornness is realizing that you are alone in your decisions. These two concepts are interwoven throughout the essay and throughout many of Sartre's other works. Sartre's view of anguish and forlornness in Existentialism is a Humanism addresses his view of life and man. Sartre based his views on the basic ideas of existentialism. The idea that existence precedes essence is the central factor in the atheistic view of man. The belief that existence precedes essence states that there is no pre-existing concept of man. (2) In the existentialist view, man is what he makes of himself. They believe that man was indefinable at first; he first appears, then defines himself. (1) There are no set plans as to how a man must live. He must make his own decisions and move towards his future with no help [from the outside world. The main idea of existential is what Sartre simply stated asI am responsible for myself and for everyone else. I am creating a certain image of my own choosing. In choosing myself is choose man. (1) He is saying that man creates his own image of the self and it is different for all men. The belief that existence precedes essence directly ties into the fact that the atheistic existentialist believes that there is no god. They believe that there is no human nature and that humans are inherently free. The concept of anguish is one of Sartre's central ideas in Existentialism as a Humanism. It involves the realization that the choices and decisions a person makes not only affect the self, but they affect everyone. Anguish is getting over the selfishness that has become so prevalent in our society. A person must make decision while looking as society as a whole. Anguish is being concerned with the impact of your decisions on others. Dealing with responsibility is just one form of anguish. A person must be responsible for themselves and others. The essay Existential is a Humanism gives the example of a military officer. All leaders and military officers feel anguish. They have the responsibility to themselves as well as others. A military officer preparing to send his troops into battle must fulfill his responsibilities to himself, his superiors and his troops. He realizes that his interpretations of the orders from above directly impact the fate of his troops.(1) The fact that he continues to make decisions even faced with anguish shows that a military officer feels responsible. All leaders know this anguish, but they continue to make decisions. (1) Anguish that they feel does not dissuade their action, but on the contrary it makes them stronger, it is the very condition of their action. The anguish that a military officer feels is what makes them responsible. Sartre saw anguish as a necessary component of life. It is what makes a person aware of their choices and responsibilities. The concept of forlornness in Sartre's eyes is coming to grips with the fact that we are alone in our decision making. We have no excuses, determinism or omens, that influence our decisions. The atheistic existentialist fells that we are alone in our decision making because there is no god. They feel that the decisions we make are only up to us. Man is free to make his own choices and man is condemned in the fact that he is free. Everything is choice.(1) Knowing that you are alone in your decisions can raise some very interesting questions.

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The Professional Writers Company to Solve All Your Paper Crafting Problems You cannot ignore the wave of social networking! Today, people are making use of social networks not only for communication with family and friends but also for propaganda and business. The communications network plays a significant role in the self-realization and self-development of a person. Besides, networking assists people in improving their communication skills, and have the capabilities of solving quite a several problems. In these contemporary times, we have been overloaded with so much information. This info can either have negative or positive impacts on humans. Thanks to social networks; people can comment, like, dislike, dialogue, share pictures, and do so many other things. Still, there are negative consequences of the same. So, at this point, it is inevitable to write a social media essay. Students will be expected to craft such essays since the internet has brought with it very many interesting things. Social networking is among the most popular pastime activities among people of different ages. Besides, there’s so much in store for the future of social networks- this is just the beginning. Of course, you can’t imagine life without social networking. So, as a student, be prepared to handle such a paper. If you’re looking for a skilled professional to assist you with such an assignment, then you no longer need to stress yourself. Our company is the right place for all your assignment crafting needs. Our team of experts handles your paper with the utmost precision and professionalism. Still, make use of our guide on how to write a social media essay step by step to improve your academic writing skills. A Guide on How to Write a Social Media Essay Students are often stuck when their professor assigns them with such a paper. They wonder, â€Å"what is a social media essay?† Besides, they are confused because they have a wide range of topics that they can choose from when crafting such a paper. Still, most scholars are not knowledgeable about how to create such a paper, and they need someone to guide them in the process of writing a social media essay. We have come up with an article that will guide you through this tricky type of paper and offer the most valuable tips and topics you can look into. Besides, it will guide you on how to structure this type of paper. Our professionals have compiled a list of useful and interesting tips that will definitely assist you in creating a killer paper on social media. Guidelines on How to Start a Social Media Essay The first thing you should do to know how to begin a social media essay is to ensure that you look for interesting topic ideas. Your topic is what starts everything. It is the beginning of the whole writing process, and you have to be focused right from the beginning. You need to choose a good topic related to discipline. This is because choosing an unrelated topic will leave you stuck at some point while drafting the paper. Of course, you don’t want to end up with a poor grade because of the wrong topic choice. Make sure that you choose a topic which touches upon serious issues that exist in modern society. Still, this interesting topic must have a high potential for research. Also, note that your chosen topic has to show your attitude towards it. Make sure that you choose a topic which you can gladly express your take on. Several topic ideas include a persuasive paper that could describe the impacts of social networks or discuss cases related to social networks. Additionally, you can craft an argumentative essay that will give your opinion on social networks with a detailed explanation, relevant sources, and an analysis. Besides, you can craft a personal reflection on social networking detailing a personal experience or review from another person’s viewpoint. Also, you could write a speech which is aimed at a specific aspect of social networking. Next, look for as many relevant research sources that you can utilize for your assignment. Once you’re done, outline how you will craft your paper. Note that there is a particular structure of a social media essay. The first part is the introduction, which has a hook sentence to capture the audience, followed by a strong thesis statement. It is followed by the body, which consists of between three to five body paragraphs. Here you mention the facts and support them with statistics, evidence, and sources if applicable. Finally, write your conclusion, which will sum up all the identified facts and make a powerful statement. Additional Tips for Writing a Social Media Essay Make use of these additional tips on how to make a social media essay: Make sure that you brainstorm inspiring and interesting ideas for your paper, for it to become unique and interesting. Plan and schedule to create a good paper. First, understand the question, and make sure to make efficient use of the time available. Do not underestimate the amount of work you have to do in to order to come up with a good paper. Make use of as many research sources as possible. There are very many sources of information that you can get access to in the library, and even online. Go through several sources before determining which ones are the most relevant. Proofread your paper, or let another set of eyes go through it. Your paper is prone to mistakes. Make sure that you go through it severally to ensure that it is correct both grammatically and structurally. 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Answers of Two Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answers of Two Questions - Assignment Example ust be mindful of these perceptions and seek to engage with the depressed person in a way that will not agitate them further; all the while reassuring them that whatever directions or steps that may be prescribed are meant for their own good. Just as with any other engagement with a citizen, the police officer would also benefit from carefully discussing each and every step that will follow within the potential engagement. By doing so, the officer will mitigate the risk that any action might be perceived as more threatening or serious than it might be already. As with all situations, the officer must be mindful of the way in which he/she interacts with the citizen; however, with the depressed person, the risk of self harm, or of harm to others, is greatly increased. As such, seeking to perform this engagement with these thoughts in mind will reduce the incident rate that might otherwise occur. Field notes play a vital role with respect to the way in which a criminal investigation takes place. The underlying reason for this is that they provide the officer or officers in question with a reliable and assessment of what thoughts they might have had at the time in which they were actively investigating a particular issue. As such, looking back on these thoughts and considerations can oftentimes allow the officer to draw a level of inference between one seemingly unrelated fact or statement and another. Ultimately, the human mind is fallible and forgetful. Because of this, accurate and up to date field notes are an effective way of ensuring that small pieces of information that might otherwise fall by the wayside are not forgotten. It is without question that many criminal investigations have been able to draw useful levels of inference between pieces of information based solely upon the notes or thoughts that a particular officer might have had during the course of their fiel d work. Even though writing reports at the end of a particular day or at the end of a

FMRI Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FMRI Management - Coursework Example There are many products provided by banks and other financial intermediaries to the customers for long-term motives. Some of the prominent provisions of services include term deposit and comparable accounts, which allows consumers to make very safe and appealing investment (Padmalatha 2011). It is because a defined period of money drawl is beneficial as it returns back higher rate and it is a low risk investment compared to demand deposit. Financial intermediaries give consumers an opportunity to utilize bonds and quoted shares as currency to start up a small business (Padmalatha 2011). In addition, banks also facilitated their customers with the opportunity of invested funds through fair means under the supervision of concerned authoritative bodies. Skilled and efficient managers are responsible for the security of invested fund to ensure banks as most trustworthy organizations for the consumers.Life insurance is another important policy of financial intermediaries to serve people o f the society. It is a long-term service, specifically an important financial security for family (Padmalatha 2011). It can aid a family during crucial stages of life, such as marriage, health care, or education of children. It is a vital tool of protecting family and children in financial terms. A pension policy is another very significant service for the citizens (Padmalatha 2011). It is considered a complementary plan for the public provided by employers of the organization to their employees after retirement or death. This policy allows family of an employee to receive a fix amount from the salary, through the whole life on a monthly basis. These are some of the most advantageous long-term services, provided by retail banks or non-bank financial intermediaries (Padmalatha 2011). Implications of Increased Interest Rates: Increase in interest rate pulls down inflation. However, more than investors get benefit with the increased interest rates. It is so because an increase in inter est rate also increases the worth of loan. Ultimately, the worth of pension and bond fund increases. It provides an outstanding benefit to those who depends upon pension and other funds for their monthly income (Cummings 2010). This condition attracts more people towards saving funds rather than spending their money, because everyone is well aware of the facts, which can bring gain to them. Thus, during the season of higher interest rate, rate of individuals` investment increases in the banks. Moreover, in this situation risk premium is also provided, which usually gets flatten during low interest rates (Cummings 2010). In addition, not only citizens, but foreigners also tend to show their interest in investment in the state, where interest rate increases and benefits investors with high rate of returned amount. Furthermore, it has been observed that it results in stronger currency and puts higher demands of currency (Cummings 2010). As a result, countries take advantage from curren cies of other states and citizens enjoy lower rate of good and products of daily use such as petrol and other food items. Additionally, in this season governmental bodies of the country buy back bond on low cost (Cummings 2010). In short, it could be said that investors look for more advantages than disadvantages of the season because it is beneficial for saving money, but not for investments. Risk to Commercial Banks: Commercial banks gain a return towards shareholder only when the organizers successfully

Packaging Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Packaging Design - Essay Example Protection from foreign particles entry; the products are protected from entry of oxygen, dust, bacterial, viruses, water, chemicals and other harmful agents that may destroy or degrade the working parts. Agglomeration: through packaging, small objects are grouped together to form one package. Packaging eases the process of transport, warehousing and distribution. Products like liquids, powders, air and chemicals are easily handled when packaged. There are many types of packaging materials that are commonly used. These materials differ from product to product and are also affected by the mode of transportation, costs, warehousing, customer's demands and many other factors. In the recent past, great concerns have been put forward by the environmentalist regarding the pollution by packaging materials. Most packaging materials are discarded once the product reaches the customer. This has significant effects on the dumping and pollution especially if the packaging material is made of plastic or glass or any other non degradable material. This has resulted to the introduction of recyclable packaging materials, materials reuse and use of biodegradable plastics. Consequently, symbols of quality, recycling symbol, the green dot symbol have all be introduced on the packaging materials. ... Consequently, symbols of quality, recycling symbol, the green dot symbol have all be introduced on the packaging materials. This papers studies packaging materials for lighting applications, their effects to the environments and also studies which of the materials are recyclable and environmentally friendly as well as the current techniques used to improve packaging to prevent dumping and accumulation of these materials in landfills. Types of lighting application There are many types of lighting applications these include; Incandescent bulbs Fluorescent lights Compact fluorescent lights (CFL) Metal halide bulbs Light emitting diodes (LED) Special lights (infra-red lights and X ray lights ) Lighting accessories such as sockets, switches and lamp bases There are various packaging materials for these different lighting. Incandescent bulb The incandescent bulb has several packaging materials. These materials include the glass bulb, that houses the internal parts of the bulb that is, the filament, the metallic base that aids in the connecting the bulb to the electrical supply. The outside packaging of the bulb includes a carton that carries the bulb. The outer carton varies from one manufacturer to another; some types of packaging are illustrated below. Single bulb color box packing that is used to house one bulb Figure 1: Carton for packaging a single bulb and double pack bulb packaging: (source: QML. 2009. Incandescent bulb. http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/200800532/Incandescent_Bulb.html) After packaging the bulb in individual small cartons, the bulbs are then packaged into a large carton for transportation. Large carton where incandescent bulbs are packaged Figure 2: large Carton for packaging

The circumstances of the incident

The circumstances of the incident The circumstances of the incident The incident took place on Ward X during an early shift. During this shift, there were 30 patients on the ward, in four six bedded bays and six side rooms. During the early shift, Mrs J was seen on the ward round and was discharged by the medical team. Mrs J had had a laparascopic cholecystectomy five days previously, but had developed pneumonia in the postoperative period and therefore had been on the ward much longer than had been anticipated. Mrs J was a 58 year old semi-retired librarian with a history of hypertension treated with antihypertensive medication. During this morning shift, the staff nurse, Nurse M, looking after all the patients in Mrs Js bay, was asked to discharge Mrs J by the medical team, and Mrs J was very relieved, and called her daughter and son in law to pick her up ‘after lunch. Mrs J needed medications to take away (TTAs), and needed her discharge paperwork completing, and her community nurse needed to be informed to attend her at home the following day. Nurse M had two other patients to discharge that day, and had to provide care for three other patients, two of whom had had surgery the previous day. Nurse M carried out the medication round in her bay at 8 am and at 2pm. At four pm Mrs Js daughter approached me to ask why her mother had not been discharged yet. She was considerably distressed, as her mothers stay in hospital had been much longer than anticipated. The perceived delay in her discharge had upset the patient and her family. Nurse M stated that she had started the discharge but been too busy to complete it during her shift. She therefore handed over the discharge to the afternoon shift nurse, Nurse F. Mrs J was discharged at 6pm. The next day, her daughter telephoned the ward to complain that Mrs J was discharged without her anti-hypertensive medication. The actions taken As the ward manager, I spoke to the patients daughter and apologised for the discharge taking so long, and for the failure to provide essential medication to take home. I spoke to Mrs J and to the community nurse, Nurse P, in order to ascertain whether there had been any adverse effects on the patients condition. Mrs Js daughter had visited the GP the following morning and obtained a replacement prescription, and so Mrs J missed only one dose, and one delayed dose of her antihypertensive medication. No adverse impact had been identified. Following this incident, I reviewed the case notes of Mrs J, and all the patients in B Bay on Ward X, to ensure that there had been no other oversights or omissions. I reviewed the discharge documentation for the second patient discharged that day, Miss T, and found that all was in order. A review of the discharge notes for Mrs J showed that the TTA prescription had not included the antihypertensive medication. The staff involved Nurse M, a Band 5 nurse with 3 years experience. Nurse F, a Band 5 nurse who joined the ward 3 months previously. The ward manager, a Band 7 nurse. Nursing Assistant L, a trained HCA with eight years experience on this ward. The patients involved Mrs J, a patient recovery from healthcare associated pneumonia after a laparascopic cholecystecomy. Five other patients in B Bay on Ward X: Mrs T, Miss S, Mrs L, and Ms K. Other important aspects and considerations that you consider necessary The ward was full that day, and there was one member of staff missing for part of the morning shift, due to sickness. The omission in the medication order can be localised to the Senior House Officer who signed the TTA request, but Nurse M should also have identified that the medication was missing, either at the time of completing the form. Nurse F should have identified the omission when she checked the medication with the patient at the time of discharge. Both nurses were questioned and given a verbal reprimand. B) Essay As a ward manager, observing the behaviours of staff working together within a ward team, I have often noticed that the discharges which are ordered at the time of the ward round early in the morning are often not completed until the evening, even when the discharge is relatively uncomplicated. I have also noticed that this reflects other aspects of care, where staff do not seem to be working particularly quickly or efficiently. In this situation, the behaviours of staff seemed to indicate on first analysis that staff were overworked and that this omission occurred because of pressure on staff. However, this author also identified other issues which were contributing to the situation. The first was that I noticed how staff had fallen into particular behavioural patterns during the early shift, which meant that they often left discharges to be completed by the afternoon staff. It seemed that certain staff tended to fall into this pattern, and to fall into particular routines in which they slowed down at certain times during the shift. I noted as well that there were a particular sub group of nursing staff that behaved like this, and that there was a divide between some staff and those who supported them, such as the HCAs. For example, Nurse M and HCA L did not seem to work well together, and I noted that Nurse M had addressed this by simply not delegating too much to the HCA. This situation seems to indicate that not only is good management and leadership needed in order to address what seems to be an issue of staff behaviours, but also good leadership in relation to team working, warranting an analysis and examination of team working. It became apparent that as the ward manager I would need to use the position of team leader to destabilise the ingrained patterns of work behaviour and break up old alliances which might be impeding effective teamworking. The conclusion reached was that this was not simply a case of finding fault with Nurse M and Nurse F, but deconstructing the circumstances that had led to this mistake. The fault in this situation is diffused amongst all of those involved. This included a potential that it was my own leadership at fault in this situation, requiring me to bear some of the responsibility for this occurrence. Leadership within nursing requires a complex set of skills and attributes, and the ability to manifest a strong nursing leadership role. However, it is challenging because of the nature of the work, which can change rapidly at any point in time, and the nature of staff relationships and behaviours, which can involve complex interactions and inter-dependencies. Fostering effective teamworking in this situation, and leading a team towards better ways of working, is likely to be very challenging even when circumstances are good, but in a position where the team is one staff member short, it could be argued that this makes it all the more challenging. A manager needs to understand the whole theory and practice of teamworking within organisational contexts, and also understand how they can, in their own leadership role, support effective team working and improve care standards, whilst at the same time supporting staff dealing with a heavy and complex workload. All nurses must manage themselves and their own workloads, and must develop self-awareness of their own traits, strengths and developmental needs. This author has spent some time reflecting on their own capabilities, and has identified their own strengths, such as the ability to carry out routine tasks swiftly, and to prioritise care and workloads for better patient care and more efficient management of tasks and demands. Another personal strength is the ability to take a wider view and to consider a range of factors affecting workload, and team working, including skill mix and different personalities and how well staff work together. The academic field of organisational studies has long been concerned with leadership, theoretically and practically. It is a multifaceted concept and has been considered from a variety of perspectives, including an applied perspective with specific reference to nursing. There tends to be a polarisation of theoretical perspectives, in which some believe that some people are destined to be leaders because of pre-existing or innate abilities or proclivities, traits which make them ‘natural leaders; and some theorists posit that leadership is comprised of a set of skills and applied knowledge that can be acquired and used by anyone trained in them (Day, 2000, p 5810.) Thus some would argue that the people possessing ‘natural leadership skills and abilities would be the best leaders, while others continue to assert that there is no difference and that a person given the right training and development could be a good leader (Green, 2003, p 27). There is merit in both perspectiv es, in that a natural leader who has had training could be argued to be potentially better than one who has no predisposition to leadership, and that there may be some people who are not suited to leadership roles who should not aspire to be leaders. However, suggesting that leadership is something which can be learned is a much more egalitarian viewpoint, which could be positive, but could result in people being placed in positions of ‘official leadership against their own preference, when their true strengths lie elsewhere. In relation to the situation described in the report in part A, this author would argue that not only did the team require more directive leadership at this time, but that such leadership should be visible, tangible, and strong enough to ‘lead the team towards more collaborative and supportive working practice (Bishop, 2009). The literature shows that clear lines of command are important, but clear, strong leadership is more than simply exercising control over people, it is a more bilateral approach which engages leader and team in managing work in such a way that it improves patient care (Clegg, 2000, p 31). However, Grint (2005, p 1467) also shows that in order for leaders to be effective, they must be able to motivate others to follow them and to go in the direction they have indicated. Thus leadership is more than simply guiding people, it is about engaging with them and making them ‘want to follow the lead. Thus it is possible to see that authority does not locate an individual as a leader on its own; the ‘followers must accept and support that leader as well (Grint, 2005 p 1467). In this case, however, the leadership activities must be very much directed at leading a diverse team of disparate individuals with a range of personalities, skills, and experience, as well as differing roles and responsibilities. Breakdowns in interprofessional working and communication are common within healthcare settings (Sutcliffe et al, 2004, p 196). However, organisational theories argue that there are typical types of roles that individuals assume within teams, and the seminal theory here is Belbins (1993 p 57) team roles theory. This theory is useful because it allows the leader to ‘manage individual team members and motivate the team more effectively through understanding their team roles (Belbin, 1993 p 57; Johansen, 2003, online). Anything which enhances team working is likely to improve communication, enhance team and individual worker efficiency and effectiveness, and improve nurses satisfaction with their working lives, contributing to better practice standards ( Amos et al, 2005 p 10; Clegg, 2000 p 31; Dimeglio, 2005 p 110), and this author would also argue that exploring how to manage a team more effectively would help them to contribute to their own professional development (Bandura, 1994 p 71). Thus, an effective leader could look at the eight defined roles which are said to occur within organisational or workplace teams, some of which may be fulfilled or enacted by more than one person at a time, just as one person may enact more than one role at once (Belbin, 1993 p 57-59). Effective teams ideally demonstrate that members enact all the roles defined (Johansen, 2003, 0nline). Belbin (1993 p 57-59) describes these as: the calm, confident chairman, objective but unemotional, generally infallible; the impatient shaper, coercive, unafraid of confrontation, directive and apt to destabilise the status quo; the problem-solving plant, an imaginative highly intellectual and creative individualist who may not be a good team player; the informativ e and enthusiastic resource investigator, good at communicating, who can find their motivation flagging; the analytical and evaluative monitor evaluator, who can be perceptive but cynical; the reliable company worker, who plods along and reaches goals but can display a degree of rigidity and inflexibility; the mediating team worker who tends to be both a communication hub and coordinator, using effective social skills to propel the team along; and the conscientious and deadline-conscious completer-finisher (Johansen, 2003, online). This author would argue, however, that the team leader could occupy one or more of these roles, but if they have a manager, may not be viewed by others to be a member of the team, per se, and so not included in the ‘inventory of team members. Thus there may be a flaw in this theory, because there is no specification of how a manager would necessarily fit in to this team. Team leadership in this context, however, is complicated by the nature of healthcare practice in which teams are comprised of multiple professionals and occupational groups (Cockburn, 2004 p 66), and thus a nurse manager of a ward has to be able to be a leader across different professions and disciplines and may need to display different leadership behaviours in order to achieve this (Murphy, 2005, p 128). One way in which a ward manager might lead in this manner is through quality management activities (Sale, 2005), and the use and promotion of evidence for practice, a process which requires multiprofessional input (McLaren et al, 2002 p 444). But in this case, the issues which have proved most challenging relate to the ways in which team members manage their workloads, and perhaps also the ways in which different professionals within the team communicate with each other. The manager must lead the team towards a new way of functioning effectively, by ensuring all members are functioning appropriately and fulfilling their different roles (Amos et al, 2005 p 10). This author would argue that within the greater quality agenda, the common goals of quality assurance should act as a common driving force for better teamworking (Martin, 2003). In this instance, the ward manager will be working to encourage better multidisciplinary team (McFadzean, 1998), but this does not mean that they have the authority to discipline some members of the team, such as the medical staff, and here, historical divides between the professions may impede the process of team building (Hartley, 2002, p 178). In this situation, Nurse M and Nurse F should both have felt able to ask for assistance if they were busy, and should have checked the TTA prescription, but the ultimate responsibility lies with the SHO who wrote the prescription. Legally, however, all are accountable. But the ward manager, as team leader, would lead by example by accepting the shared accountability of this omission (Sheldon and Parker, 1997, p 8). Thus the nurses should be supported to accept this shared responsibility, but at the same time should be supported to examine their practice and see where it could be improved, such as looking at how they could improve delegation skills so that basic tasks are more effectively delegated and advanced nursing responsibilities are better met (Curtis and Nichol, 2004, p 26), and how they can improve interprofessional communication (Kenny, 2002). This author would argue that nurses in the ward setting are all required to develop leadership skills, as an extension of their professional role, and this equates to the concept of distributed leadership (Harris and Spillane, 2008, p 31), and within this model, leaders are developed, supported and empowered, at every point on the scale of organisational hierarchy. Therefore, in this situation, the ward manager would need to understand who acts as what within the team roles inventory (Belbin, 1993), and also support leadership skills to emerge amongst staff at every level. The HCA described in this scenario, for example, exerts significant influence, and these leadership attributes could be harnessed to improve team working, rather than destabilise the hierarchy. The role of the manager as team leader in this scenario is clearly also to provide feedback and evaluation to the team, and to explore the consequences of these circumstances in a way that should prevent it from occurring again (London et al, 1999, p 5). Providing feedback in an empowering manner can improve performance within the team (London et al, 1999, p 5), and therefore, evidence from available research would suggest that effective leadership would achieve this through multiple approaches. Research suggests that optimal team performance and quality of care requires good leadership (Beech, 2002 p 35; Green, 2003 p 27). This seems to require what Murphy (2005 p 128), describes as charismatic, transformational leadership, in which â€Å"charismatic transformational leaders espouse intellectual stimulation and individual consideration to empower staff and enhance patient care. Nurse managers that develop and foster transformational leadership can surmount oppressive traditions and confidently navigate a complex and rapidly changing health care environment.† However, leaders such as this will continue to struggle with the hierarchies and inherited culture and traditions of the professions (Murphy 2005 p 128). But it is through such activities that proactive nurse leaders mould the future of nursing itself, and contribute significantly to the quality agenda (Shirey, 2006, p 256). Thus the leader in this scenario needs to re-educate the team, and act as a role model fo r the team to develop their own leadership capabilities (Cummings et al, 2008, p 240). It would appear that in this situation, the risk involved was avoided by luck rather than judgement, and it is imperative that the ward manager addresses the behaviours and habits which have led to the omission concerned. However, it would not be enough to simply discipline those concerned, because multiple factors have affected this occurrence, and the staff involved will have to continue to deal with these factors in the daily working lives. Therefore, leadership will lead, guide and empower staff to be able to better address their work roles whilst managing the competing demands on their time and attention, through better self management, better communication, better team working, and with clear, motivational guidance from a true leader.

Absolute Monarchism Essay -- essays research papers

The prevailing government of Europe from 1900-century back was absolute monarchism, this form of government worked very well considering the belief of all people in god and the teaching. Monarchist use this belief to justify this rule in. if they could make the people believe that they were ordained position by god then they had no worries because the people belief in god was so prevailing that it was not mentionable in private to go against it. Napoleon and Louis XIV were the ideal rules to use this type of ruling. Napoleon and Louis XIV were the same type of rulers by using the divine right monarchy to control the people of their country, which was France. Napoleon and Louis way of ruling and other similarity were so alike that they could have traded their period when they sat at the throne and the people would have not noticed â€Å"I am the state† Louis famous statement which stated that he was the divine right ruler(R 6). . â€Å"Louis XIV justified his absolutism through the belief that God will it such as a divine right monarch ruled with the authority of god and was beholden to no power except that of god†(R 11). The people of France believe in the faith of god church and their religion that no one dared to defy the divine ruler. Louis was determined to control a nation that was unified politically under his rule and religiously under his faith; Catholicism was to be the only accepted religion for the French people. Louis believe that god had sufficiently appointed him to be...