Analysis of Law that Covers Rape and Sexual Assault Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Any person who deceitfully takes an unmarried chaste woman less than eighteen years of age to a place that is not appropriate to her, or deceitfully involves her into an act that is not appropriate for her is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for at least one year or a maximum fine of $2000 or both. Under section 647 of the law, any person who takes the other person against his/her will and forces him/her into unlawful sexual activities is punishable by imprisonment or fine or both. The amount collected from the fines is submitted to the underage Pregnancy Fund and is used solely for the purpose of preventing underage pregnancy. Violation of this law is further punishable with a fine, not more than $ 70.Under the sexual assault law consent is defined as an act of positive cooperation exercised with the free will of the person. Before consenting, a person must be aware of the situation so that he/ she can act according to his/ her free will. For the consent of a person, th e law does not accept evidence of any previous relationship either marital or otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Law that Covers Rape and Sexual Assault or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Sexual intercourse between spouses becomes unlawful if the victim is intoxicated or is in a position in which she is not able to fully express her disapproval for the act. At the same time, sexual intercourse becomes illegal if the victim agrees under the threat of any kind by the perpetrator be it physical harm or any other damage or danger such as kidnap, imprisonment or another body injury.

Enron s Of Houston Natural Gas And Omaha Based Inter North

Enron s origins date back to 1985 when it began life as an interstate pipeline company through the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based Inter North. Kenneth Lay, the former chief executive officer of Houston Natural Gas, became CEO, and the next year won the post of chairman. From the pipeline sector, Enron began moving into new fields. In 1999, the company launched its broadband services unit and Enron Online, the company s website for trading commodities, which soon became the largest business site in the world. About 90 per cent of its income eventually came from trades over Enron Online. Growth for Enron was rapid. In 2000, the company s annual revenue reached$100 billion US. It ranked as the seventh-largest company on the Fortune 500 and the sixth-largest energy company in the world. The company s stock price peaked at $90 US. However, cracks began to appear in 2001. In August of that year, Jeffrey Skilling, a driving force in Enron s revamp and the company s CEO of six months, announced his departure, and Lay resumed the post of CEO. In October 2001, Enron reported a loss of $618 million its first quarterly loss in four years. Chief financial officer Andrew Fastow was replaced, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange commission launched an investigation into investment partnerships led by Fastow. That investigation would later show that a complex web of partnerships was designed to hide Enron s debt. By late November, the company s stock was down to lessShow MoreRelatedJaclyn Givens. Kathy Osburn. Management 101. 5/8/17. The1400 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Givens Kathy Osburn Management 101 5/8/17 The Enron Era â€Å"Just as character matters in people, it matters in organizations,† says Justin Schultz, a corporate psychologist in Denver. The Enron scandal had a big exposure in 2001 confirming the big secret to the increase in billions. 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The Benefits of Kaizen and Kaizen Events free essay sample

There are three specific benefits to performing kaizen events rather than other improvement methods. By scheduling a kaizen event, you are being proactive and setting aside time to make improvements. When people need help from other departments during a future event or activity and the people have already worked on a kaizen team, they are usually more than willing to contribute in any way possible. This attitude and outlook promote a lean culture. By seeing immediate results from a kaizen event, people will come to understand they have more control over their work areas than they think. Full Text  (1564   words)| Copyright American Society for Quality Feb 2007 Kaizen is a Japanese word typically translated to continuous improvement. Originally this word referred to subtle, gradual improvements that are made over time. A baseball analogy is hitting singles all game long to score runs. The connotation of the word has morphed to also include quick or fast improvements, like kaizen events (also known as kaizen blitzes, quick kaizens or rapid improvement projects), which are big improvements that are made quilkly. This is analogous to hitting a homerun in baseball. Both kaizen and kaizen events produce results, like the singles and homeruns driving in runs on the baseball field. But kaizens occur far more often than kaizen events. For many organizations today, kaizen and kaizen events are viewed differently than the traditional mode of improvements. 1 For example, it is very common-especially in North American organizations-to use kaizen to describe how management prioritizes huge, complex and wholesale changes with the hope that vast improvement and profits will follow. Maybe you have heard management say things like: * If we just install the new production line, we can double output. TABLE 1 Kaizen, Kaizen Events and Traditional Improvements| | * We need an enterprisewide information knowledge system to solve all our inventory problems. Them traditional approaches usually dont produce the desired results. Often, organizations tend to overlook the true power of kaizen or kaizen events. They want to hit the homerun, but instead strike out. May be its part of our nature to want the big, dramatic improvement instead of the simple, steady improvement. This can occur for many reasons, including a manager wanting to make his mark on an organization to the thats the way weve always done it attitude. See Table 1 for a summary of the differences between the two. Different Benefits Always remember lean is easy, but getting people to change is difficult. The tools of lean, such as kaizen and kaizen events, arent necessarily rocket science. Getting people to hold a philosophy of continuous improvement can sometimes prove challenging. Lean is not the tools. Lean is in your head and heart. Its how you approach your job, customers, suppliers and processes. Start as a lean learner, graduate to a lean achiever, which will lead you to become a lean thinker. Lean leaner: Understand the basic concepts of lean (for example, lean 101, waste [muda], problem solving, change management, 5S and visual organization). * Lean achiever: Apply the basic concepts to your organization and continue with more complex concepts of lean (for example, cellular flow, kanban and total productive maintenance [TPM]). * Lean thinker: Naturally look at the situation from the lean perspective, moving beyond simply th e tools. There are several benefits to using kaizcn or kaizen events. 2 These benefits can be categorized as either quantitative or qualitative. Unfortunately, too many managers focus solely on monetary benefits without considering peoples feelings, work styles or other intangible benefits derived from kaizen or kaizen events. Quantitative benefits. These are measurable results used to show management specific improvements or prove that time, effort and money were well spent. Based on the kaizen or kaizen event, quantitative benefits might include: * Money saved. * Time saved (contributing to money saved). * Shorter distance traveled. * Fewer people required. * Reduced lead time or cycle time. * Value vs. nonvalue added content. Fewer steps in a process. * Improved first pass yield. * Reduced inventory. One of the tricks of the trade is to get an accountant on board to measure the results of the activities before closing a kaizen or knizen event and eventually forward the metrics to management. I am always amazed and impressed to see how helpful accountants have been in this step. Also, this measurement step encourages manage ment to become owners of the results. Qualitative benefits. These types of feeling results that show the human side of lean might be just as important as the quantitative results. Predictably, these types of benefits are more difficult to measure. For example, we might be able to quantify a 5S events outcome in terms of shorter distance traveled within a workplace, fewer safety incidents and reduced supplies or inventories. But few companies actually take the time to understand the human side of lean. If you listen to participants at a successful lean event, youll hear things like: Now I can find things around here, or These changes will help reduce my stress level, or Look how much more room we have. These are important and lasting human results that are just as important as the measurable ones. Specific Kaizen Event Benefits There are three specific benefits to performing kaizen events rather than other improvement methods. The following kaizen event benefits are commonly overlooked by management: 1. Time: When is there ever really enough time to make improvements? One of the biggest reasons I recommend using a kaizen event as a method of improvement is that the time of the event is scheduled. If you wait until you have time to get a team together to make improvements, youll wait forever. By scheduling a kaizen event, you are being proactive and setting aside time to make improvements. 3 2. Teamwork: Invariably, at the end of a knizen event, someone mentions how much he or she enjoyed working as a team. This comment signals a shift in attitude from the beginning of the event, when individuals might have worked alone. When people need help from other departments during a future event or activity and the people have already worked on a kaizen team, they are usually more than willing to contribute in any way possible. This attitude and outlook promote a lean culture. 3. Proof: To convince people lean does indeed work, many need to see proof. By seeing immediate results from a kaizen event, people will come to understand they have more control over their work areas than they think. Also, documenting activities allows us to track tangible benefits and improvements in the work areas. Caveat of Kaizen Events Some people disparage kaizen events. They dont believe the calculated results, or they contend that the results cannot be sustained. I would agree with this only if the team falsified the results or the team did not standardize a process to make it a new, improved way. If kaizen events are deemed to have failed for these reasons, I wouldnt blame the team. I would look at the process or system and see what lessons could be learned to avoid these failures in the future. Resistance to kaizen events might occur because one purpose of lean is to instill discipline into our organizations. If discipline is lacking, in many cases I look to management to see why an exent is considered a failure. For instance, basic building blocks of lean-such as 5S or standardized work-can help build the discipline within an organization to perform more difficult lean concepts such as kanban or TPM. During one 5S event, I mentioned this to a team. During a break, a team member told me the company already uas using kanban. I asked, How was it working? She said, Not so well. Why? Because the company didnt have the discipline in place to move the kanban cards correctly as needed. This caused problems. I have performed more than 200 kaizen events during my quality career. In one way or another, each event has improved how each company has performed. It is not uncommon during a quick change event to cut the time in half on the very first try. For example, applying standardised work to an order entry process reduced the time for the task by one-third and made it easier to train new employees. A 5S event reduced the stress between departments by organizing and shindardizing how paperwork was passed on. Whether the company is able to sustain the gains is another story. To sustain the gains the company must: * Standardize processes to the new, improved level. * Train everyone involved to the new standard. * Monitor the results over time. * Secure commitment of management and assign ownership to maintain and improve the gains. Companies cant just schedule a kaizen event or slap the term kaizen on any project or activity and hope it turns around a business operation or function. Kaizen cant just happen on its own, but must come from a companys thoughtful, serious commitment to continuous improvement. Kaizen events might last just a few days, but kaizen doesnt happen overnight. Its a change in the way of thinking, not just a change in process. [Sidebar]| These simple lean tools require an organizations serious commitment to continuous improvement.